The human being invention
the concept "time" from the observation of the natural
phenomena and the movement of the celestial bodies and has
adapted his activities based on these.
The Mayan wise person I do
not escape to this desire and inside in the study of the numerología
and the calendar, being this, one of the contributions of
the Mayan culture to the universal culture.
The Mayan wise person when
noticing itself of the existence of an order in the firmament
supposed that he was caused by the Gods, you strain them were
identified with the celestial bodies and the natural phenomena;
simulantemente one went away developing an aspect I practice
of these observations: the elaboration of systems of calendars
that allowed an suitable adaptation of the cycles of the sky
to their social system.
When happened for the first
time this process? it is not known with exactitude: nevertheless
it has been verified that several regions of Mesoamérica
specially were involved in.
The Mayan calendar this considering
one of but the exact ones of the world and for its accomplishment,
the Mayan wise person I use the vigesimal system and the positions
according to which the values are changing of 20 in 20.
The Mayans made STONE
wakes, PAPER HANDMADE and animal SKIN.
UAYEB
If you cannot see
this image it is necessary that you lower plugin of
Flah here -------------------->
This is a Mayan Wake,
therefore they handled old the Mayans to it, in her
this represented the LONG ACCOUNT, CIVIL and SACRED
CALENDAR, also the lunar cycle of the date.
The Mayans to represent the
numbers used hieroglyphics and the system of points and I
sweep: in first each I number was represented by a hieroglyphic
and the second, the point is worth one, the bar is worth five
and the zero are a cut snail or average flower.
Number
19Number
Zero
The use of the zero represents
a great discovery, because it estimates a deep knowledge of
the mathematics. This it was used by Mayan the 900 years before
the Arabs took it to Europe. The necessity to measure the
cycles for practical aims mainly for the questions related
to agriculture-that were the base of their economy - entails
a surprising refinement which it is known like "time";
to have a calendar is a world-wide necessity and in this aspect
the Mayan has excelled: to example way, our calendar accumulates
an error of a day by every 4.000 years, however the Mayan
calendar accumulates a day by every 5.000 years. In order
to measure the time, the Mayan wise person I use three different
forms to count:
First. - They take the successive account of the days passed
from the date of beginning of its calendar, (12 of August
of 3.113, A.C.) Which is well-known as the long account and
begins in: zero baktun, zero katun, zero tun, zero uinal,
zero kin. In order to take this account they handled the following
values:
Baktun = 144,000 days
Katun = 7,200 days
Tun = 360 days
Uinal = 20 days
Kin = 1 day
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the Mayan calendar.
In the Popol- Mayan-quiche
Vuh book the creation of the cosmos from the victory of the
Hunabpu binoculars is related and Ixbalanke on you run them
of the sky and of the infraworld, because once made the feat
Hun-nal-ye arises (that is primigenio God of the maize) from
the depths of the infraworld and from this, the creators can
dedicate themselves to the task of completes creation: the
one of you are them human and of the sun that will imprimirá
movement and heat to him to the world. This is a metafórica
form to express the domesticación of the maize, which
brings like consequence the principle of the sedentary life
and the development of the culture. This form of expression,
demonstrates to us that Mayan cosmology is essentially an
agricultural myth based on the germination of the maize and
its food conversion the human being, making it source of the
civilized life in which the creation of the man is an agricultural
lighting from the mass of the white and yellow maize.
12 of August of 3, 113 A.C. Birth of Hun-nal-ye are the date
of beginning of the long account of the Mayan calendar, and
correspond to zero Baktun, zero Katun, zero Tun, zero Uinal,
zero Kin.
Second. - It used the combination of thirteen cabalistic numbers
with 20 figures of the days which gives to a value of 13x20=260
days us. This it is the sacred calendar, known like Tzolkin,
which was used by the priests to make predictions, horóscopos,
and religious celebrations. Some investigators suggest this
calendar has their origin in preclassic center of Izapan in
the state of Chiapas. In this site, the sun passes through
the zenith the 12 of August and following with the course
of the calendar east phenomenon of the 29 of April is repeated;
if we counted the days passed between these two dates, it
gives 260 days us that are the duration of the Tzolkin. This
system to tell to era normal for the common population and
the names of the 20 days is: Imix, Ik, Akbal, Kan, Chicchan,
Cimi, Manik, Lamat, Muluc, Oc, Chuen, Eb, Horseradish tree,
Ix, Men, Cib, Caban, Edznab, Cauac and Ahau.
AHAU
CAUAC
The day of beginning corresponding to the 12 of August of
3.113 the 4 A.C. Ahua Is
Third. - They handled a well-known civil calendar like Haab,
to which single tapeworm access the chaste leader and that
was used for astronomy and the agricultural cycles and one
was conformed by 18 months (Uinales) of 20 days each and a
month of adjustment of 5 days. The names of these months are:
Pop, Uo, Zip, Zotz, Tzec, Xul, Yaxkin, Mol, Ch`chen, Yax,
Zac, Chen, Mac, Kankin, Muan, Pax, Kayab, Cumku, and Uayeb.
The day of beginning corresponding to the 12 of August of
3.113 the 8 A.C. Cumku is
In order to determine the name in a day, the Mayan wise person
use the combination of these 2 calendars, so date 12 of August
of 3, 113 A.C., Ahau corresponds to 4, 8 single Cumku and
can be repeated until to have passed 18.980 days is to say
to 73 returns of 260 days or 52 returns of 365 days.
To I finish of this cycle was celebrated the ceremony of the
new fire and towards the renovation of diverse utensils.
Quarter. - They take the registry of I compute spot
in summary: the form to identify the date of beginning 12
of August of 3, 113 A.C. is zero Baktun, zero Katun, zero
Uinal, zero kin, 4 Ahau 8 Cumku which are expressed thus:
0.0.0.0.0. 4 Ahau 8 Cumku
CUMKU
The important dates were registered in stone wakes, paper
handmade or in deer skin: in the superior part they put the
sign introductorio well-known as the Alautun within this is
the figure of patrono protective of the month corresponding
to the civil calendar. Later, the sequence of I number of
Baktunes, Katunes, Tunes, Uinales and Kines, soon the combinations
of the sacred calendar and civil calendar, by I complete I
compute spot.
Baktunes or "Era", equivalent to 5.125,3661 years
tropical took to a linear account within a period of 13. The
period of 13 Baktunes that we have ourselves at the moment
began the 12 of August of 3.113 A.C. and will finish the 23
of December of the 2012.
We completed the information supporting to us in a contained
chronological data in the Pág. 66 of the Oxkutzcab
chronicle document yucateco of century XVII. According to
this, day 3 of November 1539 (corresponding to the 13 of November
according to the gregoriana correction) 11 was fulfilled 16
Baktunes and Katunes from the beginning of the Mayan era (1´699,200
days) and the corresponding date the sacred calendar and 13
the civil calendar is 8 Ahau Xul.
The idea of "Era" means that to the closing of the
23 of December of the 2012, the corresponding Mayan date Baktun
is 13, zero Katun, zero Uinal, zero Kin and to a "the
13 Era" has been completed that is that Baktun is the
equivalent one to zero Baktun for the "new era".
This means that a new era in target is opened: zero Baktun,
zero Katun, expensive Tun, zero Uinal, zero Kin, 3 Cauac,
2 Kankin.
In agreement with the reports of investigators, the Mayans
erected stone wakes every 5º 10 and 20 years, for the
celebration of some important event.
At the moment with the aid of the computers it is continued
investigating the meaning of the Mayan hieroglyphics having
itself obtained very good advances with the works of Pretty
Schelee and Michael Coe.
If you desire to have in
your computer a program that any date to the calendar convert
you Maya, that convert you any numero to Glifos Mayas, to
know the Zodiaco Maya and to be able to visualize the biggest
work of the Mayas, its Solar Calendar Fact in Stone, "The
Castle of Chichen-Itza" and its equinox.
Click Here
UAYEB
Number
19
Number
Zero 
AHAU
CAUAC
CUMKU
