| Ecoturismo
-> Ecosystems
| In an ecosystem interactions
from the alive beings and between these and the abióticos
environmental factors take place to each other different.
One is open systems, dynamic and complex:
- Open: the ecosystems become due to external
and new factors.
- dynamics: the ecosystems evolve without the
influence of external factors.
- complexes: in the ecosystems all the mechanisms
and strategies of the ecology act of diverse forms.
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Operation of the ecosystems
|  The
alive beings of the biocenosis influence in the cycle
of the matter and the abióticos factors (environmental
factors) by means of three types of organisms:
- The producers, organisms that
create organic matter from abióticas substances
and of the energy (solar light, chemical energy, etc.).
The plants and the bacteria belong mainly to this group.
- The consumers, organisms that
feed themselves on the producers or other consumers
(specially the animals, including the human being) and
that produce, from these, dioxide of carbon and salts
nutrients.
- The descomponedores, which
mineralize the producing organisms and consuming (in
its majority dead) and they again turn them abióticas
substances. The bacteria and the fungi belong mainly
to this group. The ecosystems influence an a others
(Ej.: the marine ecosystems influence in the atmosphere
by means of the flow of energy and the cycle of the
matter, and, when influencing in the atmosphere, they
also do it in the terrestrial ecosystems, (effect is
seen conservatory or climatic change). Colloquially,
usually it is used the term ecosystem in singular (global
relation.
|
Evolution of the Ecosystems
|  The
ecosystems work of dynamic form and also evolve when
external and constant factors occur, in a succession
of several phases until a final stage, the stage climax.
The stage climax is obtained, for example, with the
advantage of ecological niches of species immigrants
and cartridge case ejection mechanisms (To also see:
ecology of the population or demoecología). However,
also the evolutionary adaptation of the species is possible.
In a stage of climax without interrupting, the ecosystems
are regulated by themselves (autoregulación).
Their components interact to each other, in such a way
that it appears a balance of material cycles and flows
of energy (by the solar contribution of energy, terrestrial
flow thermal and magma of hidrotérmicas chimneys,
also called submarine sources thermal or Black Smokers,
that come from marine or abyssal bottoms). Otherwise,
another succession would not be possible. |
Structure and function of the ecosystem
| The ecosystems can be
observed and be subdivided considering his:
- Structure (Dimension of the
habitat, phantom of density; trófico level)
- Operation (flow of energy,
cycle of material elements of succession). |
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