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 The
Yucatan Peninsula, makes million years was covered by
the water of the ocean, nevertheless in completes it
was of the ice the level of the water under as much,
that this I cause that navy underwent great changes.
One of these changes was the water filtration through
ground, causing that the rocks underwent a wearing down,
giving full passage to water caverns. The natural wells
form when one of those caverns colapsa by the erosion,
revealing thorough water deposits. This is a process
that can last thousands of years, the constant erosion
is depositing great amount of organic and mineral rubbish,
that is reducing the depth. The natural wells vary mainly
of size depending, of their age; oldest they are opened
with great vertical walls and the well appearance ample.
There are them also semiopen, where the vault had a
partial landslide. The new natural wells are the closed
ones and with small accesses by where single it is possible
to enter drays almost.
 Are
these natural wells more recent, whereas there are very
old others that remain dry or semidry, by landslides
and earth dragged in the rain to the interior of these
natural wells filling them of stones and mud causing
that were dried. One of the natural wells most characteristic
and old of the Peninsula, is without a doubt the Sacred
Natural well of Chichón Itzá. This natural
well is a great well slightly made oval with 58 meters
of diameter and vertical walls of 20 meters, its depth
is of 11 meters and under her a layer of 12 meters of
mud exists. Many natural wells can be recognized easily,
but other exist that are not recognized at first. This
it is the case of natural wells that are hidden within
lagoons, because its depth is greater than to the one
of the same lagoon and when diving it notices that they
are great rock holes under the bottom.
 Other
types of called natural wells “Haloclinos”
exist in which the fresh water fleet on preceding salt
water of the sea. These natural wells of deriban of
the words I pull ahead that it means density and Clina
whose meaning is change. The haloclina is the layer
where it changes the density of the water. Also we can
find water natural wells full that contain stalactites
and estalagmitas, both form by the water dripping that,
when evaporating is leaving small amounts of of mineral
salts, that are forming the columns, this process takes
million years in being carried out. During long time
of it thought that the natural wells are independent
of others and that the water of the matos flowed between
porous rocks and the sand, through cracks, grooves or
fissures. Nevertheless unsecured thanks to the diving
in cavern, that the natural wells have an underground
system, with rivers that run throughout tunnels and
wells. An example of this is Tulum, where they have
been possible to cross more than 16 kilometers of underground
tunnels. The underground currents move where the central
zone of the peninsula towards the periphery and ends
to marshes near the coast. Fishermen of the zone have
located flowing who send borbollones and sea allows
to supply itself them in the heat of of fresh water.
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When
the Spaniards arrived at the Yucatan Peninsula, he surprised
much to them that were not rivers, nor lagoons (except
for some accounts). But equally astonished they realized,
that in this world without “water” existed
an enormous civilization: The Mayans. What allowed the
Mayan civilization to be born under so diverse conditions,
were the natural wells that they had to if around (approximately
6 thousand natural water deposits). These wells were
baptized with the name of ts'onot or Dzonot: Natural
well, that means underground cavity with permanent water.
The Natural wells are one of the most important characteristics
of the Yucatan Peninsula, safe in Florida and Cuba,
the natural wells do not exist in any other part of
the world. The natural wells are not something that
has been inherited of the antiquity, but that are continued
forming at the present time. 
